Many people describe themselves as the type of person who needs everything to be “done right”, but this urge for perfection could carry some severe costs.

New research suggests concerns about perfectionism can sabotage success at work, school or on the playing field, leading to stress, burnout and potential health problems.

In a meta-analysis of the relationship between perfectionism and burnout – drawn from 43 previous studies conducted over the past 20 years - researchers found that perfectionism is not all bad.

One aspect of perfectionism called “perfectionistic strivings” involves the setting of high personal standards and working toward those goals in a pro-active manner. These efforts may help maintain a sense of accomplishment and delay the debilitating effects of burnout, the study found.

But perfectionism has a dark side – dubbed “perfectionistic concerns”.

The study - published by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology - said these concerns can become detrimental by making people worry constantly about making mistakes, letting others down, or not measuring up to their own impossibly high standards.

Previous research has shown that perfectionistic concerns and the stress they generate can contribute to serious health problems, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, fatigue and even early mortality.

“Perfectionistic concerns capture fears and doubts about personal performance, which creates stress that can lead to burnout when people become cynical and stop caring,” said lead researcher Andrew Hill, an associate professor of sport psychology at York St. John University in England.

“It also can interfere with relationships and make it difficult to cope with setbacks because every mistake is viewed as a disaster.”

The study found that perfectionistic concerns had the strongest negative effects in contributing to burnout in the workplace, possibly because people have more social support and clearly defined objectives in education and sports.

For example, a student can be rewarded for hard work with a high grade, or a tennis player can win the big match, but a stellar performance in the workplace may not be recognised or rewarded, which may contribute to cynicism and burnout.

“People need to learn to challenge the irrational beliefs that underlie perfectionistic concerns by setting realistic goals, accepting failure as a learning opportunity, and forgiving themselves when they fail,” Hill said.

“Creating environments where creativity, effort and perseverance are valued also would help.”

Most people display some characteristics of perfectionism in some aspect of their lives, but perfectionistic strivings or concerns may be more dominant.

The development of a personality profile that identifies perfectionistic concerns might be a valuable tool in detecting and helping individuals who are prone to burnout, the study noted.